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Year · The Kuban, the Convoy and the workshop

1900 in the Kalaushin family history

The year’s events, people, awards, documents and works — from the chronicle and its sources.

Events9

2 February (15) 1900 (O.S.)

The Shah is invited to St Petersburg

◆ documented

On 2 (15) February 1900 St Petersburg reported that Nicholas II had invited Mozaffar ad-Din Shah of Persia on the occasion of his journey to Europe; at the end of February (early March New Style), that extensive preparations had been ordered and that the Shah was expected in the capital at the end of May.

  • ◆ Wiener Zeitung, 15.02.1900, p. 7
  • ◆ Prager Tagblatt, 03.03.1900, p. 33
  • ◆ Neue Freie Presse, 10.03.1900, p. 23

5. At Court4. Service and Crosses6. The Workshop12. The Chroniclers13. Vyacheslav’s Line14. Sources and Further Research

March – May 1900

The saddle for the Shah of Persia

◇ family testimony · confirmed by relatives

The saddle for the Shah of Persia was made on the order of Emperor Nicholas II in Fedot Alekseyevich’s workshop; the work took two months. Fedot Alekseyevich took it to St Petersburg himself; at a review of the Guards, on his last day before going home at the end of his service, Prince Trubetskoy reported to the Emperor that the saddle had arrived. Nicholas II examined it, said that it was very well made, and there and then congratulated the master on the title of Purveyor to the Court of His Imperial Majesty; the gold watch promised with the title never reached Fedot Alekseyevich. The story is recorded in the family history, and relatives confirm it.

△ hypothesis · dating

Result: spring to early summer 1900, for Mozaffar ad-Din Shah’s state visit of 4–10 (17–23) July 1900

The years point to 1900. Fedot Alekseyevich served in the Convoy from 1892 and was discharged by Kuban Host Order No. 60 of 17 June 1900, “retaining the Guards uniform and awarded the badge for service in the Convoy”. The only state visit of a Persian shah to St Petersburg during his service was that of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah, 4–10 (17–23) July 1900. It was known from February; at first the Shah was expected at the end of May, and in April the reception was moved to his return journey. Two months’ work thus falls roughly in March–May 1900. The “review on the last day before going home” is most likely the farewell review of 31 May (13 June) 1900 at the Alexander Palace, where the Emperor spoke “gracious words” to each departing man and handed each the badge for service in the Convoy — the very badge with which Fedot Alekseyevich was discharged seventeen days later. The Emperor’s question about how long the master had been in St Petersburg, and his displeasure at the delay, make sense: the saddle was made for the original date, and the visit was put off until July.

  • ◈ Roster, No. 73
  • ◆ Wiener Zeitung, 15.02.1900, p. 7
  • ◆ Neue Freie Presse, 10.03.1900, p. 23
  • ◆ Vorarlberger Volksblatt, 25.04.1900, p. 3
  • ◆ Kavkaz, no. 150, 10.06.1900, p. 3
  • ◆ Diary of Nicholas II, 31.05.1900
  • ◆ Diary of Nicholas II, 4–10.07.1900
  • ◆ Kavkaz, no. 181, 11.07.1900, p. 3
  • ◈ Galushkin 1961, pp. 144–145
  • ◈ Galushkin 1961, p. 170
  • ◈ Preobrazhenskaya, “Vizity shakha Persii v Rossiyu”
  • ◆ Ostdeutsche Rundschau, 19.09.1902, p. 2
  • ◆ Diary of Nicholas II, 20–24.08.1905
  • ◆ Prager Tagblatt, 21.07.1914
  • ◈ Zimin 2013
  • ◇ A.B. Kalaushin’s roster, No. 73
  • ◇ Family testimony: V.O. Kalaushin, 8 Oct 2026
  • ◇ Istorichesky Cherkessk, article “Kalaushin Yury Romanovich”
Where to look
  • The diary of Nicholas II for 1900, original: GA RF, f. 601, op. 1 — entries for 31 May and 4–10 July.
  • The Chamber-Fourier Journal for 1900: RGIA, f. 516, op. 1 (219/2728), d. 10 — the review of 31 May; d. 11 or the end of d. 10 — the Shah’s visit.
  • His Imperial Majesty’s Cabinet (RGIA, f. 468): gifts to the Shah in 1900; registers of items received and issued, 1900–1901 — receipt of a saddle from Uryadnik Kalaushin and a watch issued to him.
  • Chancellery of the Ministry of the Imperial Court (RGIA, f. 472): the file on F.A. Kalaushin’s purveyor title.
  • Court Stables Office (RGIA; fond number to be confirmed): presentation saddles and horses.
  • AVPRI, Persian Desk (fond number to be confirmed): ceremonial of the 1900 visit and exchange of gifts.
  • Convoy orders for May–June 1900 (RGVIA; fond number to be confirmed): list of men leaving for the reserve.
  • GAKK, Krasnodar: the text of Kuban Host Order No. 60 of 17.06.1900; Kubanskiye Oblastnye Vedomosti, summer 1900.
  • Pravitelstvenny Vestnik and Novoye Vremya, 1–3 June 1900 — the first publication of the report on the review.
  • In Iran: the Safarnameh of the Shah’s first European journey (AH 1318), entries on St Petersburg (≈ 19–25 Rabi’ al-Awwal 1318); the treasury and archive of the Golestan Palace.

5. At Court3. The Caucasian Line4. Service and Crosses6. The Workshop7. The Upheaval10. Pushkin House11. The Artist12. The Chroniclers13. Vyacheslav’s Line14. Sources and Further Research→ The Shah is invited to St Petersburg→ The Shah’s route is changed→ Khoper Cossacks escort the Shah→ The farewell review at the Alexander Palace→ Order No. 60: Fedot Alekseyevich leaves the Convoy→ Mozaffar ad-Din Shah’s state visit→ Naser al-Din Shah in St Petersburg→ The Shah at the manoeuvres near Kursk→ The Shah at Peterhof→ Ahmad Shah’s coronation→ Prince Trubetskoy takes command of the Convoy→ The List of Purveyors to the Imperial Court

May 1900

Khoper Cossacks escort the Shah

◆ documented

In May 1900 the Shah crossed the Caucasus incognito; his train of carriages along the Georgian Military Road, from Mtskheta to Gudauri, was escorted by sotnias of the 1st Khoper Regiment — the Kalaushins’ fellow Khoper Cossacks.

  • ◆ Kavkaz, no. 184, 14.07.1900, p. 3
  • ◆ Niva, 1900, no. 29, p. 581

4. Service and Crosses5. At Court6. The Workshop

31 May (13 June) 1900 (O.S.)

The farewell review at the Alexander Palace

◆ documented

On Wednesday 31 May (13 June) 1900, at half past two in the afternoon, in front of the Alexander Palace at Tsarskoye Selo, the Emperor walked along the ranks of Convoy Cossacks leaving for the reserve, “honoured each of them with gracious words” and handed them the badges for service in the Convoy with his own hand; the Minister of the Imperial Court, Baron V.B. Frederiks, stood beside him. The Emperor’s diary records no other such review in 1900; △ this is the day most naturally seen in the family’s “review on the last day before going home”.

  • ◆ Kavkaz, no. 150, 10.06.1900, p. 3
  • ◆ Diary of Nicholas II, 31.05.1900
  • ◈ Galushkin 1961, pp. 144–145

5. At Court3. The Caucasian Line4. Service and Crosses6. The Workshop7. The Upheaval10. Pushkin House12. The Chroniclers13. Vyacheslav’s Line14. Sources and Further Research

17 June (30) 1900 (O.S.)

Order No. 60: Fedot Alekseyevich leaves the Convoy

◈ published source

By Kuban Host Order No. 60 of 17 June 1900 Uryadnik Fedot Alekseyevich Kalaushin was discharged “retaining the Guards uniform and awarded the badge for service in the Convoy” — seventeen days after the farewell review and seventeen days before the Shah’s arrival.

Note on the roster: the same entry gives his Convoy service as “from 1892 to 1911”; the numbered and dated order is more precise — Fedot Alekseyevich was in the Convoy in 1892–1900. △ “1911” probably refers to his whole term of Cossack service or echoes the Convoy’s centenary.

  • ◈ Roster, No. 73
  • ◈ Kubanskaya genealogiya, comment by Andro, 01.06.2013

5. At Court3. The Caucasian Line4. Service and Crosses6. The Workshop7. The Upheaval12. The Chroniclers13. Vyacheslav’s Line

1900

The prizes of Paris and London in family memory

◇ family testimony

The family remembered that the workshop’s products more than once won prizes and gold medals at the world exhibitions in Paris and London.

The family account is undated; the entry is placed at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900.

  • ◇ Roster, No. 71, 72
  • ◇ N.G. Firtich’s essay, museum.ru, N20942, 2005
Where to look
  • Jury reports of the Paris Exposition of 1900 (Group XVIII, Class 116).
  • The Russian sections of the London exhibitions of 1862 and 1909.
  • Diplomas and medals that may survive in descendants’ hands.

6. The Workshop10. Pushkin House12. The Chroniclers14. Sources and Further Research

4–10 (17–23) July 1900 (O.S.)

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah’s state visit

◆ documented

On 4 July the Shah arrived at the Nikolayevsky station; two Convoy sotnias escorted the carriage of the Emperor and his guest, and in the Malachite Room of the Winter Palace Nicholas II presented the Shah with the Order of St Andrew. On 6 July there was a parade at Krasnoye Selo, on the 8th the Shah was taken to Tsarskoye Selo, and on the 10th, at the farewell luncheon, he gave the Emperor “a handsome antique sabre and his portrait”.

  • ◆ Diary of Nicholas II, 4–10.07.1900
  • ◆ Kavkaz, no. 181, 11.07.1900, p. 3
  • ◆ Neues Wiener Journal, 20.07.1900, p. 5

5. At Court4. Service and Crosses6. The Workshop7. The Upheaval10. Pushkin House11. The Artist12. The Chroniclers13. Vyacheslav’s Line

11 December 1900

How Caucasian saddles reached the Emperor

◆ documented

On 11 December 1900 the Convoy commander, Baron Meyendorff, came to Nicholas II “with a Caucasian dress saddle and a shashka — the gift of some kind Dagestani”. The entry shows the route by which Caucasian saddles reached the Emperor.

  • ◆ Diary of Nicholas II, 11.12.1900

6. The Workshop14. Sources and Further Research

People of the year3

Awards

Documents and photographs32

Show all (32)

Works and objects2

Chapters of the period